ZeroChlor
ZeroChlor is a saturated complex ionic aqueous solution containing copper, silver, zinc, aluminium and gold. The microscopic action of these natural mineral ions with the algae and bacteria are twofold. First, the algae and bacteria in the water are destroyed through a change in their enzyme processes as the ions break down their DNA structures and cell walls. Secondly, all these charged particles floc together so a filter can trap them. The ions maintain a stable 'ZeroChlor' residual in the water until this process uses them up.
The initial dose can vary dependant upon the type of pool. I.E. Indoor, heated; outdoor unheated, size and condition of balance tanks, bather load, air and water temperature, hours of sunshine, age of pool etc. Typically an outdoor, unheated swimming pool with a volume of 50,000 litres of water should require an initial dose of approximately 1.5 litre of ZeroChlor and consume approximately 1 litres of ZeroChlor every month.
The residual level of ZeroChlor is to be monitored by testing the water for copper content, using the ZeroChlor test kits. The target level is 0.4-0.8mg/l of copper. It should be noted that the UK and EU maximum allowable limit for copper in drinking water is 2.0mg/l, so your pool water would be well within this limit.
The advantages and desired effect of this pool treatment solution will be to improve the quality of the swimming pool water and drastically reduce the exposure of swimmers and lifeguards to chlorine and its irritating and harmful effects such as asthmatic conditions.
ZeroChlor two Regenerator
The active ingredient in this product is potassium monopersulphate, also known as permonosulphate. Like chlorine, permonosulphate is an oxidiser that will destroy organic contaminants such as ammonia and other bather waste in swimming pools and spas. However, permonosulphate compounds do not kill or disinfect they simply control organics and combined chlorine, helping assure that the sanitiser can do its job as a disinfectant. Permonosulphates oxidise by using the element from which oxidation derives its name - oxygen. Oxygen is a pure form of oxidiser. Unlike with super chlorination which is used to disinfect and destroy organic matter (bather waste), where problems such as odours, eye and skin irritation occur -- Permonosulphates are effective in preventing these problems because they do not contain chlorine, but rather oxidise waste through the use of oxygen, they do not go through the various stages of chloramine formation to achieve breakpoint. Instead, they react directly with the ammonia to produce chloride and nitrogen (where chlorine is present in the water). Permonosulphates are particularly effective in increasing the efficacy of the ZeroChlor copper / silver disinfection system where the following occurs: Potassium monopersulphate has an oxidation potential high enough to maintain silver ions in a high oxidation state even to Ag3+ (Zsoldos and Kowalski, 1970). In a similar way, copper is oxidised to Cu3+. This is important for the removal of ammonium ions from pool water by the following suggested mechanism:
Oxidation S2O8(2-) + 2Cu(2+) ---> 2Cu(3+) + 2SO4(2-)
Reduction 6Cu(3+) + 2NH3 ---> 6Cu(2+) + N2 + 6H+
From this one can see that the sanitising properties of the ZeroChlor copper silver and zinc ions are also considerably enhanced by the presence of potassium monopersulphate in the water. Organic matter is oxidised but no unpleasant compounds are formed. Potassium monopersulphate poses no risk to health on the ingestion of pool water, as its final reaction products consist of simple sulphates and oxygen.(Zsoldos et.al., 1970).
No matter how little of the ZeroChlor Regenerator you add, at least some of the organic contaminants will be destroyed, and no chloramines will be formed. This overcomes one major drawback of super chlorination. And if you overdose by adding more than is required, no extended waiting period is needed before swimming can be resumed. Although bathers should not be present when any chemical is added to the water, swimming can be resumed after the permonosulphate has had a few minutes to dissipate. In fact, the excess chemical will remain in the water, ready to destroy any contaminants that may enter the pool from bather waste and other sources.
ZeroChlor Regenerator is 100-percent soluble and will not leave a residue or bleach vinyl liners or swimming suits. As with any oxidiser, its dosage in the pool mainly depends on the bathing load on the pool, and the temperature of the water.
The residual level of ZeroChlor Regenerator is to be monitored by using DPD 4 test reagents and comparator to determine the amount of active oxygen introduced into the water from the ZeroChlor Regenerator. The target level is 3.0-10.0mg/l active oxygen dependant upon bather levels, water temperature etc.
The initial dose can vary dependant upon the type of pool. I.E. Indoor, heated; outdoor unheated, size and condition of balance tanks, bather load, air and water temperature, hours of sunshine, age of pool etc. Typically an outdoor, unheated swimming pool with a volume of 50,000 litres of water should require an initial dose of approximately one kg of ZeroChlor Regenerator.